![]() ![]() The settlement of Syracuse was a planned event, as a strong central leader, Arkhias the aristocrat, laid out how property would be divided up for the settlers, as well as plans for how the streets of the settlement should be arranged, and how wide they should be. A possible origin of the city's name was given by Vibius Sequester citing first Stephanus Byzantius in that there was a Syracusian marsh ( λίμνη) called Syrako and secondly Marcian's Periegesis wherein Archias gave the city the name of a nearby marsh hence one gets Syrako (and thereby Syrakousai and other variants) for the name of Syracuse, a name also attested by Epicharmus. The most acceptable theory is that the Phoenicians called it Sour-ha-Koussim, which means "Stone of the seagulls" from which would come the name of Syracuse. There are many attested variants of the name of the city including Συράκουσαι Syrakousai, Συράκοσαι Syrakosai and Συρακώ Syrakō. Syracuse was founded in 734 or 733 BC in Magna Graecia by Greek settlers from Corinth and Tenea, led by the oecist (colonizer) Archias. Syracuse and its surrounding area have been inhabited since ancient times, as shown by the findings in the villages of Stentinello, Ognina, Plemmirio, Matrensa, Cozzo Pantano and Thapsos, which already had a relationship with Mycenaean Greece. 400 BC Tetradrachm, circa 485–479 BC, with Arethusa on the obverse, and a quadriga driven by a male charioteer on the reverse. Decadrachm struck at Syracuse, by the die-master Euainetos Syracusian tetradrachm with the portrait of Athena by Eukleidas, c. 415–405 BC), sporting Arethusa and a quadriga. See also: Magna Graecia and List of tyrants of Syracuse A Syracusan tetradrachm (c. The patron saint of the city is Saint Lucy she was born in Syracuse and her feast day, Saint Lucy's Day, is celebrated on 13 December. Syracuse is mentioned in the Bible in the Acts of the Apostles book at 28:12 as Paul stayed there. In the central area, the city itself has a population of around 125,000 people. ![]() In the modern day, the city is listed by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site along with the Necropolis of Pantalica. Eventually the kingdom would be united with the Kingdom of Naples to form the Two Sicilies until the Italian unification of 1860. ![]() Palermo later overtook it in importance, as the capital of the Kingdom of Sicily. Under Emperor Constans II, it served as the capital of the Byzantine Empire (663–669). It later became part of the Roman Republic and the Byzantine Empire. Described by Cicero as "the greatest Greek city and the most beautiful of them all", it equaled Athens in size during the fifth century BC. ![]() Syracuse was allied with Sparta and Corinth and exerted influence over the entirety of Magna Graecia, of which it was the most important city. The city was founded by Ancient Greek Corinthians and Teneans and became a very powerful city-state. It is situated in a drastic rise of land with 2,000 metres (6,600 ft) depths being close to the city offshore although the city itself is generally not so hilly in comparison. Syracuse is located in the southeast corner of the island of Sicily, next to the Gulf of Syracuse beside the Ionian Sea. This 2,700-year-old city played a key role in ancient times, when it was one of the major powers of the Mediterranean world. The city is notable for its rich Greek and Roman history, culture, amphitheatres, architecture, and as the birthplace and home of the pre-eminent mathematician and engineer Archimedes. Syracuse ( / ˈ s ɪ r ə k juː s, - k juː z/ SIRR-ə-kewss, -kewz Italian: Siracusa i Sicilian: Sarausa ) is a historic city on the Italian island of Sicily, the capital of the Italian province of Syracuse. ![]()
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